8/27/2023 0 Comments Fairytale pumpkincrop intended for processing is grown in Illinois. Īccording to the Illinois Department of Agriculture, 95% of the U.S. The top pumpkin-producing states include Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and California. In the United States Īs one of the most popular crops in the United States, in 2017 over 680 million kilograms (1.5 billion pounds) of pumpkins were produced. Ukraine and Russia each produced about one million tonnes. In 2020, world production of pumpkins (including squash and gourds) was 28 million tonnes, with China accounting for 27% of the total. Inadequately pollinated pumpkins usually start growing but fail to develop. If there are inadequate bees for pollination, gardeners may have to hand pollinate. One hive per acre (0.4 hectares, or five hives per 2 hectares) is recommended by the U.S. Ground-based bees, such as squash bees and the eastern bumblebee, are better suited to manage the larger pollen particles that pumpkins create. In America, pumpkins have historically been pollinated by the native squash bee, Peponapis pruinosa, but that bee has declined, probably partly due to pesticide ( imidacloprid) sensitivity. Pumpkins produce both a male and female flower, with fertilization usually performed by bees. Within these conditions, pumpkins are considered hardy, and even if many leaves and portions of the vine are removed or damaged, the plant can quickly grow secondary vines to replace what was removed. Pumpkin crops may suffer if there is a lack of water, because of temperatures below 18 ☌ or 65 ☏, or if grown in soils that become waterlogged. Pumpkins require that soil temperatures 8 centimetres (3 in) deep are at least 15.5 ☌ (60 ☏) and that the soil holds water well. Pumpkins are a warm-weather crop that is usually planted by early July in the Northern Hemisphere. Within decades after Europeans began colonizing North America, illustrations of pumpkins similar to the modern cultivars Small Sugar pumpkin and Connecticut Field pumpkin were published in Europe. Although larger modern pumpkin cultivars are typically excluded as their weight may damage the other crops. Pumpkins and other squash species, alongside maize and beans, feature in the Three Sisters method of companion planting practiced by many North American indigenous societies. The oldest evidence of Cucurbita pepo pumpkin is fragments found in Mexico that are dated between 7,000 and 5,500 BC. The term tropical pumpkin is sometimes used for pumpkin cultivars of the species Cucurbita moschata. Researchers have noted that the term pumpkin and related terms like ayote and calabaza are applied to a range of winter squash with varying size and shape. The English word squash is also derived from a Massachusett word, variously transcribed as askꝏtasquash, ashk8tasqash, or, in the closely-related Narragansett language, askútasquash. This term would likely have been used by the Wampanoag people (who speak the Wôpanâak dialect of Massachusett) when introducing pumpkins to English Pilgrims at Plymouth Colony, located in present-day Massachusetts. Īn alternate derivation for pumpkin is the Massachusett word pôhpukun, meaning 'grows forth round'. Under this theory, the term transitioned through the Latin word peponem and the Middle French word pompon to the Early Modern English pompion, which was changed to pumpkin by 17th-century English colonists, shortly after encountering pumpkins upon their arrival in what is now the northeastern United States. Etymology and terminology Īccording to the Oxford English Dictionary, the English word pumpkin derives from the Ancient Greek word πέπων ( romanized pepōn), meaning 'melon'. Pumpkin pie, for instance, is a traditional part of Thanksgiving meals in Canada and the United States, and pumpkins are frequently carved as jack-o'-lanterns for decoration around Halloween, although commercially canned pumpkin purée and pumpkin pie fillings are usually made of different pumpkin varieties from those used for jack-o'-lanterns. The pumpkin's thick shell contains edible seeds and pulp. Today, pumpkins of varied species are widely grown for food, as well as for aesthetic and recreational purposes. pepo pumpkins are one of the oldest domesticated plants, having been used as early as 7,000 to 5,500 BC. Native to North America (northeastern Mexico and the southern United States), C. The term pumpkin is sometimes used interchangeably with "squash" or "winter squash", and is commonly used for cultivars of Cucurbita argyrosperma, Cucurbita ficifolia, Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita moschata, and Cucurbita pepo. A pumpkin is a vernacular term for mature winter squash of species and varieties in the genus Cucurbita that has culinary and cultural significance but no agreed upon botanical or scientific meaning.
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